Recomendaciones de seguridad para la IRM en la práctica clínica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37004/sefm/2026.27.1.001Palabras clave:
imagenología por resonancia magnetica, seguridad,, tasa de absorción de energía, efectos fisiológicos, agente de contrasteResumen
La Imagenología por Resonancia Magnética (IRM) se ha consolidado como una herramienta diagnóstica fundamental en la medicina moderna. Sin embargo, su implementación clínica exige que los profesionales y técnicos enfrenten situaciones que requieren decisiones críticas, las cuales impactan tanto en la seguridad del paciente como en la calidad del estudio. A diferencia de otras modalidades de imagenología médica, la IRM presenta criterios y lineamientos específicos debido a su dependencia de campos electromagnéticos intensos, lo que obliga a priorizar: la protección del paciente y del personal expuesto ocupacionalmente y la obtención de imágenes de alta calidad diagnóstica. Hasta la fecha, solo se han establecido criterios generales de seguridad en IRM, lo que subraya la necesidad de analizar aspectos clave en su práctica clínica y ofrecer recomendaciones para su uso adecuado. Entre los principales efectos a considerar destacan: a) campo magnético estático generado por el imán, b) sistema de radiofrecuencia: bobinas de gradiente y de RF, c) interacciones con dispositivos (activos y pasivos), d) agentes de contraste y sus consideraciones, e) ruido acústico generado durante el examen y f) consideraciones en pacientes embarazadas. Además, se revisan las zonas de control dentro de la sala de IRM, el etiquetado y protocolos de seguridad.
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